Osteoarthritis
Department
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage and the underlying bone. It typically develops gradually over time, often affecting weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, spine, and hands. The exact cause of osteoarthritis is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors including aging, genetics, joint injury or overuse, obesity, and underlying joint abnormalities.
In OA, the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones gradually breaks down, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and decreased joint function. As the condition progresses, bone spurs may form around the affected joint, further contributing to pain and limited mobility. Unlike inflammatory forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis, OA does not typically involve systemic inflammation or the immune system. Instead, it primarily affects the local joint structures. Risk factors for osteoarthritis include older age, obesity, previous joint injuries, repetitive stress on joints, and certain metabolic disorders. Treatment for osteoarthritis focuses on managing symptoms, improving joint function, and slowing disease progression. This may include a combination of lifestyle modifications (such as weight management and exercise), pain relief medications, physical therapy, assistive devices, and in severe cases, surgical interventions such as joint replacement. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help individuals with osteoarthritis maintain an active lifestyle and preserve joint function for as long as possible.